Impapuro zo mu bwiherero, zizwi kandi nka impapuro zo mu bwiherero zishwanyagurika, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu isuku ya buri munsi y'abantu kandi ni imwe mu mpapuro z'ingenzi ku bantu. Kugira ngo impapuro zo mu bwiherero zorohe, ubusanzwe hakoreshwa uburyo bwa tekiniki mu gushwanyagurika impapuro no koroshya ubworoherane bw'impapuro zo mu bwiherero. Hari ibikoresho byinshi by'ibanze byo gukora impapuro zo mu bwiherero. Ibikoreshwa cyane ni ipamba, imbaho, ibyatsi, imyanda, nibindi.
Ni Arthur wavumbuye impapuro z'isuku. Shigutuo. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, hafi imyaka ijana ishize, isosiyete y'Abanyamerika yitwa Shigutuo Paper Company yaguze impapuro nyinshi, zitashoboraga gukoreshwa bitewe n'uburangare mu gutwara, byatumye impapuro zitose kandi zigacika iminkanyari. Kubera ko yari ifite ububiko bw'impapuro zidafite akamaro, buri wese ntiyamenye icyo gukora. Mu nama y'abayobozi, hari uwatanze igitekerezo cy'uko impapuro zisubizwa uwazitanze kugira ngo agabanye igihombo. Iki gitekerezo cyashyigikiwe na buri wese. Arthur, umuyobozi w'ikigo. Shi Gute ntiyabitekereje. Yatekereje gukora imyobo mu mpapuro, byahise byoroha kuzicamo ibice bito. Shigutuo yise ubwo bwoko bw'impapuro "Sonny" maze azigurisha kuri sitasiyo za gari ya moshi, resitora, amashuri, nibindi. Azishyira mu bwiherero. Zari zikunzwe cyane kuko zari zoroshye kuzikoresha, kandi buhoro buhoro zakwirakwiriye mu muryango muri rusange, bituma ikigo kibona inyungu nyinshi. Muri iki gihe, impapuro z'isuku zabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwawe, kandi byaduhaye uburyo bworoshye mu buzima mu buryo butandukanye.
Mu miryango ya kera mbere yuko impapuro zo kwisukura zivumburwa muri iki gihe, abantu batangiye gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'impapuro zo kwisukura, nk'amababi ya salade, udutambaro, ubwoya, amababi y'ibyatsi, amababi ya kakao cyangwa amababi y'ibigori. Abagereki ba kera bazanaga uduce duke tw'ibumba cyangwa amabuye iyo bajyaga mu bwiherero, mu gihe Abaroma ba kera bakoreshaga inkoni z'ibiti zifite siponji itwikiriwe n'amazi y'umunyu ihambiriye ku mpera imwe. Abantu ba Inuit bari kure muri Arctique ni abahanga mu gukoresha ibikoresho byo muri ako gace. Bakoresha moss mu mpeshyi naho urubura bakarukoresha impapuro mu gihe cy'itumba. "Impapuro zo kwisukura" z'abatuye ku nkombe nazo ni uturere twinshi cyane. Ibishishwa n'ibimera byo mu nyanja ni "impapuro zo kwisukura" zo mu mazi bahabwa n'inyanja.
Dukurikije inyandiko z'amateka, Abashinwa ni bo babanje kuvumbura no gutangira gukoresha impapuro z'isuku. Mu kinyejana cya 2 Mbere ya Yesu, Abashinwa bari barashushanyije impapuro z'isuku za mbere ku isi zo gukoresha mu bwiherero. Mu kinyejana cya 16 nyuma ya Yesu, impapuro z'isuku zakoreshwaga n'Abashinwa zasaga nkaho ari nini cyane muri iki gihe, zifite ubugari bwa santimetero 50 na santimetero 90 z'uburebure. Birumvikana ko izo mpapuro z'isuku zihenze zishobora gukoreshwa gusa n'abantu bafite amahirwe nk'abagaragu b'umwami w'abami.
Dukoresheje impapuro nke gusa zo mu bwiherero, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza gahunda ikomeye y’imibereho ya kera. Abanyacyubahiro b’Abaroma ba kera bakoreshaga imyenda y’ubwoya yinjijwe mu mazi y’indabyo nk’impapuro zo mu bwiherero, mu gihe umuryango w’ibwami w’Abafaransa wakundaga ipamba n’ubudodo. Mu by’ukuri, abakire benshi n’abakire bashobora gukoresha amababi y’urumogi gusa.
Mu 1857, Umunyamerika witwaga Joseph Gayetti yabaye umucuruzi wa mbere ku isi ugurisha impapuro z'isuku. Yayise impapuro ze z'isuku "Gayetti medical paper", ariko mu by'ukuri iyi nyandiko ni impapuro zitose zitose mu mutobe w'umunyu. Nubwo bimeze bityo, igiciro cy'iyi nyandiko nshya kiracyari gitangaje. Muri icyo gihe, kwamamaza nk'uku kwari kuzwi cyane mu mihanda no mu tuyira: "Gayetti medical paper, umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wo kujya mu bwiherero, ni ikintu gikenewe muri iki gihe." Ariko, ibi ni ibintu bisekeje gato, kuko abantu benshi badakeneye "impapuro z'isuku z'izahabu" na gato.
Mu 1880, abavandimwe Edward Scott na Clarence Scott batangiye kugurisha impapuro z'isuku tuzi muri iki gihe. Ariko iki gicuruzwa gishya kikimara gusohoka, cyanenzwe n'ibitekerezo bya rubanda kandi kigengwa n'amategeko agenga imyitwarire. Kubera ko muri icyo gihe, mu maso y'abantu basanzwe, kwerekana no kugurisha impapuro z'isuku mu maduka byari imyitwarire iteye isoni kandi idafite ishingiro yangiza ubuzima bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe.
Impapuro zo mu bwiherero zo mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro zacyo za 20 ntizoroshye cyane kandi ntizoroshye nk'impapuro zo mu bwiherero zo muri iki gihe, kandi amazi yazo yari asanzwe yoroshye kuyafata. Mu 1935, ibicuruzwa bishya byitwaga "impapuro zo mu bwiherero zitagira umwanda" byatangiye gushyirwa ku isoko. Ukurikije ibi, ntabwo bigoye kwiyumvisha ko impapuro zo mu bwiherero zo muri icyo gihe zigomba kuba zirimo umwanda mwinshi.
Nta gushidikanya ko impapuro z'isuku zigira uruhare runini mu buzima bwa none. Ibi byemezwa neza n'ibaruwa yo gushimira yakiriwe na Kimberly-Clark mu 1944. Muri iyo baruwa, guverinoma ya Amerika yashimye igira iti: “Ibicuruzwa by'ikigo cyanyu (impapuro z'isuku) byagize uruhare runini mu gutanga imirwano mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.”
Mu gikorwa cya "Desert Storm" cyo mu Ntambara ya Golfe, yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu gisirikare cya Amerika kandi yagize uruhare runini mu bya gisirikare. Icyo gihe, igisirikare cya Amerika cyakoraga ibikorwa byo mu butayu, kandi imicanga y'umucanga wera yari itandukanye cyane n'ibigega by'icyatsi kibisi, byashoboraga kwerekana byoroshye intego. Kubera ko byari byaratinze kongera gusiga irangi, igisirikare cya Amerika cyagombaga gupfunyika ibigega mu mpapuro z'ubwiherero kugira ngo kihishe mu buryo bwihutirwa.
Nubwo impapuro z'ubwiherero zanenzwe kandi zigatukwa ndetse bikaba ngombwa ko zigurishwa munsi y'iduka, uyu munsi zamaze kugera ku rwego rwiza, ndetse zageze no ku rukuta rwa T maze zizamurwa mu ntera zigashyirwa mu bikorwa by'ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori. Abanyabugeni bazwi cyane Christopher, Anastasia Elias na Teruya Yongxian batangiye gukoresha impapuro z'ubwiherero nk'ibikoresho byo guhanga. Mu nganda z'imideli, amarushanwa y'imyenda y'ubukwe ya Moschino cheap Shike abera buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ubwoko bwose bw'imyenda y'ubukwe y'impapuro z'ubwiherero zigezweho n'iza kijyambere irahurira hamwe kugira ngo ihiganwe.
Impapuro z'ubwiherero zigezweho zamaze igihe kirekire zitera imbere, kandi zanditse ubwenge n'ubuhanga bw'abantu. Impapuro z'ubwiherero zifite ibyiciro bibiri (zatangijwe mu 1942) zikubiyemo siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzikuramo no kuzikuramo amazi bishobora kuvugwa ko ari ibintu bitigeze bibaho; impapuro z'ubwiherero zigezweho zirimo amavuta ya shea butter, iyi mbuto karemano izwiho kugira ingaruka nziza ku bwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 11-2023